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Cost Basis

The original purchase price of an asset plus any additional costs (improvements, fees). Used to calculate capital gains or losses when the asset is sold.

Cost Basis Definition

Cost basis is what you paid for an asset, adjusted for additional costs like improvements, commissions, or fees. When you sell the asset, your gain or loss is: Sale Price – Cost Basis = Capital Gain (or Loss).

What's Included in Cost Basis

  • Purchase price
  • Sales tax paid at purchase
  • Shipping and installation costs
  • Improvements and upgrades (not repairs)
  • Legal fees related to acquisition
  • Commissions or broker fees
  • Adjusted Cost Basis

    Over time, cost basis gets adjusted:

  • Increased by: improvements, additional investment, reinvested dividends
  • Decreased by: depreciation, casualty losses, insurance reimbursements, return of capital distributions
  • Cost Basis for Common Business Assets

  • Equipment: Purchase price + delivery + installation – accumulated depreciation
  • Real estate: Purchase price + closing costs + improvements – depreciation
  • Vehicles: Purchase price + sales tax + delivery fees – depreciation
  • Investments: Purchase price + commissions + reinvested dividends
  • Why Cost Basis Matters

  • Determines your capital gain or loss when selling (affects taxes)
  • Understating basis = overpaying taxes
  • Overstating basis = underpaying taxes (audit risk)
  • FAQ

    Q: What if I can't find the original purchase price?

    A: Check old bank/credit card statements, purchase orders, or loan documents. For inherited property, the cost basis is typically the fair market value at the date of death (stepped-up basis).

    Related Terms

  • Capital Gains
  • Depreciation
  • Fixed Asset
  • Book Value
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    Related Terms

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